Note Last updated on August 24, 2020 Introduction From approximately the ninth century, roughly two hundred years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, charitable foundations and endowments (waqfs or awqāf)...
Muslim Rule
Who Wants the Caliphate?
Editor’s note This publication was scheduled for release before the news of the death of ISIS leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi. In light of this news, we felt it even more important to release this paper to contrast...
Muslims’ Collective Amnesia of the Ottoman Past—and Why We Should Reclaim Our History
Bismillah-ir-rahman-ir-rahim[1] Abstract The Ottoman dynasty, which emerged as a small beylik in Asia Minor after the conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) in the fifteenth century, became a major world power that not...
“Be Brothers”—Case Studies of Muslim Receptions of Refugees in History
Abstract In the time of the Prophet ﷺ, Muslims provided protection to asylum-seekers and the Ansar of Medina treated the Muhajirs, who were essentially refugees, like brothers. During the...
Tolerance, Minorities, and Ideological Perspectives
Introduction The following publication is a continuation of “Religious Minorities Under Muslim Rule.” Abstract Muslims and Muslim rulers are often accused of being intolerant of...
The Structure of Scientific Productivity in Islamic Civilization: Orientalists’ Fables
Abstract The popular analysis (promulgated by Orientalists) on the rise and decline of scientific productivity in Islamic civilization dichotomizes the events of Islamic history as a conflict between religion and reason...
Religious Minorities Under Muslim Rule
Religious minorities are often depicted as oppressed and vulnerable victims of their Muslim rulers. This portrayal, however, is far from accurate. This brief paper seeks to reorient our understanding of the rights and...
